1The difference between water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation technology and traditional fertilization technology

The integrated drip irrigation technology of water and fertilizer is the agricultural irrigation technology that integrates irrigation and fertilization. The core of the technology is to use the pressure drip irrigation system to deliver the soluble solid fertilizer or liquid fertilizer together with the irrigation water evenly and accurately. Crop effective root soil. The drip fertigation technology can be used to design the whole growth period according to the crop growth demand, and the water, nutrients and drugs can be directly and quantitatively supplied to the crops in proportion. A good drip fertigation system should first determine the total fertilization amount according to the fertilizer requirement of the crop, the original fertility level of the land and the target yield, and determine the fertilization frequency and the amount of fertilization according to the fertilizer requirement of different crop growth periods.

2 Comparison of water and fertilizer integration system and traditional fertilization

The application of the base fertilizer in the two ways is the same. Generally, the manure commonly used in the production of greenhouse vegetables is a chicken and pig manure. Pig manure contains more organic matter and NPK nutrients. It has fine texture and is easy to be decomposed. It can supplement soil nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter and some trace elements. It is a balanced and high-quality organic fertilizer for greenhouse vegetable production. . The type of drip irrigation fertilizer must be soluble fertilizer. It meets national standards or industry standards of urea, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate, potassium chloride and other fertilizers. It has higher purity, less impurities and is soluble in water. Fertilizers that do not precipitate can be used as top dressings. The topdressing and supplementing trace elements generally use soluble fertilizer such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The supplement of trace element fertilizer can not be carried out simultaneously with the application of phosphate fertilizer to avoid the formation of insoluble phosphate precipitate and block the dripper.

3 Water and fertilizer integration system for the prevention and control of pests and diseases

Many diseases of crops are soil-borne diseases that spread with running water. The use of drugs in water to irrigate crops can directly and effectively control the occurrence of soil-borne diseases. Drip irrigation can effectively increase the temperature of irrigation water and reduce the occurrence of diseases. According to different crops, the film mulching technology can be used to form sub-film drip irrigation, which can reduce the volatilization of drugs, increase the action time of drugs, give full play to the advantages of water-saving and fertilizer, and achieve the purpose of improving crop yield and improving crop quality.

4 implementation effect of water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation technology

4.1 Water saving is the first priority of drip irrigation technology. Drip irrigation by dripper can reduce the infiltration and evaporation of water and fully improve the water utilization rate. The water required for the crop can be met by a small number of irrigation methods. Under the same conditions, the water saving rate of micro-irrigation of different crops is 30% to 40% compared with flood irrigation.

4.2 Saving fertilizer

The integrated technology of water and fertilizer realizes that the fertilizer can be accurately dispensed according to the fertilizer demand of the crop. The fertilizer can directly reach the root of the crop through irrigation, reduce the volatilization and loss of fertilizer and medicine, and the loss caused by excess nutrients or soil fixation. Accurate fertilizer supply, concentrated drug use, easy absorption of crops, and high utilization rate of fertilizer drugs. In the case of similar or identical crop yields, the integration of water and fertilizer is 40% to 50% compared with traditional technology.

4.3 Water and fertilizer use evenly

The use of water and fertilizer integrated technology irrigation can achieve uniform mixing of water and fertilizer in the required proportion, evenly irrigate through the dripper to the whole piece of land, and can also achieve precise control of irrigation, fertilization and application, so that crops can be properly needed when needed. Water, fertilizer, medicine.

4.4 Improve the ecological environment of small areas

Greenhouse cultivation using water and fertilizer integration technology can reduce the air humidity in the greenhouse. Compared with conventional drip irrigation, the air humidity can be reduced by 10% to 15%. Drip fertigation reduces the number of times of ventilation and dehumidification to reduce the temperature in the greenhouse, thus maintaining the temperature in the greenhouse. In the same situation, the greenhouse uses drip irrigation compared with the drip irrigation, the temperature in the greenhouse is generally 2 to 4 ° C, which is conducive to the growth of crops. Drip fertigation is 2~3 °C higher than that of conventional tillage fertilization, which is beneficial to enhance soil microbial activity and promote nutrient uptake by crops.

Due to water flow gravity, impact force, frequent field operations, microbes, especially aerobic microorganisms, are reduced, which often causes soil compaction and affects crop growth. Drip fertigation overcomes the soil compaction caused by irrigation, increases soil porosity, reduces soil nutrient leaching, and reduces groundwater pollution. After drip irrigation, the soil surface is relatively dry and it is not easy to breed weeds.

4.5 Reduce disease and save medication

Most pests and diseases are caused by excessive humidity in the field. The application of water and fertilizer integration technology effectively controls the environmental humidity, reduces the occurrence of pests and diseases, and effectively controls soil-borne diseases, which greatly inhibits the occurrence of crop diseases, reduces the input of pesticides and the labor input for disease prevention and control. It can reduce the amount of pesticides by 15% to 30% and save labor by 10 to 15 times.

4.6 Improve quality and efficient production

Most crops will affect the growth of soil due to the amount of water in the soil. The integrated drip irrigation technology of water and fertilizer can keep the root moisture of crops in the best state of water and fertilizer needed for crop growth, and keep crops growing and vigorous throughout the growth cycle.